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Key themes and ideas explored in "A Problem in Modern Ethics" include:Homosexuality as Natural: Symonds argues that homosexuality is a natural and inherent aspect of human sexuality, rather than a depraved or immoral behavior. He counters prevalent prejudices and misconceptions about same-sex relationships.Moral and Social Progress: Symonds emphasizes the importance of moral and social progress, urging society to move away from intolerance and discrimination against homosexuals. He advocates for a more enlightened and compassionate approach to understanding diverse sexual orientations.Personal Freedom: Symonds defends individual freedom and the right for individuals to pursue their own happiness and love, regardless of societal norms or expectations.Influence of Culture and History: Symonds examines how cultural and historical factors have shaped societal attitudes towards homosexuality. He delves into the historical acceptance of same-sex relationships in different civilizations and challenges the notion that homosexuality is a modern aberration.