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Soils supply the substrates necessary for plant growth, regulate water, and harbor vast quantities of microorganisms. During the past century, the science of soil has evolved dramatically, providing new knowledge on its makeup, health, and management. This book, Agronomy for the Future: Sustainable Techniques and Climate Resilience, is a testament to the critical role of soils for meeting both twin challenges of feeding a growing global population while assuring environmental sustainability.This understanding will determine sustainable agriculture because of soil health, fertility, and biodiversity. Starting from remediation of degraded soils and imbalance of nutrients, this book would bring forth critical breakthroughs and working practices on the front line of soil science through innovations in soil microbiology and precision agriculture, hence incorporating trends and solutions at an emerging scale.This book focuses on important themes: soil organic matter management, carbon sequestration, and the contribution of soil microbiomes to improving crop yields. It addresses how modern agricultural systems affect soil health and introduces alternatives that fit the framework of ecological thinking. It further explores how indigenous knowledge systems may be used with more modern scientific tools to better care for soils holistically.