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For ethical grounds, initiation and progression of periodontal disease as well as certain types of periodontal treatment cannot be studied in humans. Instead, numerous studies in this field have been carried out in laboratory animals. Animal models are needed to objectively evaluate the pathogenesis of human periodontal disease and its various treatment modalities.Different species have been used to study the pathogenesis of periodontitis and to assess therapeutic modalities against the disease. Experimental models have been developed in order to reproduce major periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis), their pathogenesis and to investigate new surgical techniques. The aim of this book is to evaluate and define the most relatable animal models for periodontal research.