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The Annihilation of Caste with a Reply to Mahatma Gandhi is an expanded edition of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's original work, Annihilation of Caste. In this version, Ambedkar includes a detailed rebuttal to Mahatma Gandhi's views on the caste system and untouchability.Gandhi had responded to Ambedkar’s original essay through his writings in Harijan, expressing disagreement with Ambedkar's radical stance on the caste system and his call to reject Hinduism. In his reply, Ambedkar critiques Gandhi’s approach to caste reform, particularly Gandhi’s defense of Varna (the four-fold caste system) and his reluctance to fully denounce the Hindu scriptures that sanctified caste hierarchies. Ambedkar accuses Gandhi of maintaining a conservative stance, which, in his view, would not lead to true equality for the Dalits (formerly called "untouchables").This version of the book highlights the philosophical and ideological differences between two key figures of India's independence movement, particularly on caste and social justice. It remains a crucial text for understanding the complexities of caste reform and the debates between Ambedkar and Gandhi on the future of Indian society.