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In Between Heaven and Hell, eminent and up-and-coming scholars representing a diversity of backgrounds and viewpoints address the question of non-Muslim salvation: according to the Islamic ethos (however understood), what can be said about the status and fate of non-Muslims? Each of the volume's contributors responds to this often asked "salvation question"-a question with profound theological and practical implications-from different angles: while some limit themselves to its historical dimensions, others approach it as theologians and philosophers, while yet others focus on the relationship between this-worldly relations with Others and next-worldly conceptions of salvation. Collectively and individually, the essays in this volume advance our understanding of Islamic thought and Muslim societies and indeed the discourse on religious diversity. This groundbreaking volume does not conclude with neat resolutions; instead, it offers fascinating expositions, debates, and points of departure for further contemplation. Contributors include Mohammad Hassan Khalil, Tariq Ramadan, William C. Chittick, Farid Esack, Mohammad Fadel, David M. Freidenreich, Marcia Hermansen, Jerusha Lamptey, Bruce B. Lawrence, Muhammad Legenhausen, Yasir Qadhi, A. Kevin Reinhart, Sajjad Rizvi, Reza Shah-Kazemi, and Tim Winter. Salient Features The first multi-authored volume on salvation in Islam in English About the Author Mohammad Hassan Khalil is Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at Michigan State University. Table of Contents Foreword: Salvation: The Known and the Unknown Acknowledgments A Note on Conventions Contributors Introduction: Grappling with the Salvation Question Part I: Historical Dimensions Chapter 1: Failures of Practice or Failures of Faith: Are Non Chapter 2: ''No Salvation Outside Islam'': Muslim Modernists, Democratic Politics, and Islamic Theological Exclusivism Part II: Diversity and Mercy Chapter 3: The Ambiguity of the Qur'anic Command Chapter 4: Beyond Polemics and Pluralism: The Universal Message of the Qur'an Part III: Supersessionism and Mercy Chapter 5: The Path of Allah or the Paths of Allah? Revisiting Classical and Medieval Sunni Approaches to the Salvation of Others Chapter 6: Realism and the Real: Islamic Theology and the Problem of Alternative Expressions of God Part IV: Reconceptualizing Pluralism Chapter 7: Non Chapter 8: Oneself as the Saved Other? The Ethics and Soteriology of Difference in Two Muslim Thinkers Part V: Otherness and the Qur'an Chapter 9: The Portrayal of Jews and the Possibilities for Their Salvation in the Qur'an Chapter 10: Embracing Relationality and Theological Tensions: Muslima Theology, Religious Diversity, and Fate Part VI: Otherness and Inclusion Chapter 11: The Food of the Damned Chapter 12: Acts of Salvation: Agency, Others, and Prayer beyond the Grave in Islam Chapter 13: Citizen Ahmad among the Believers: Salvation Contextualized in Indonesia and Egypt Glossary of Select Terms Index Index of Qur'anic Verses