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This book deals with bilingualism, particularly as it relates to migrant minorities and Indigenous peoples. People from (linguistic) minorities often have to become multilingual in order to cope in the largest society, while majority representatives may voluntarily become bilingual. The book begins with a "purely" linguistic coverage of bilingualism and then deals with the prerequisites and consequences of bilingualism from the perspectives of psychology and pedagogy. About Author : Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, Emerita, guest researcher at the Department of Languages and Culture, University of Roskilde, Denmark and visiting professor at Abo Akademi University, Department of Education, Vasa, Finland has a bilingual upbringing in Finnish and Swedish. She has been actively involved with minorities' struggle for language rights. Contents : PREFACE TRANSLATORS NOTE INTRODUCTION TO THE ENGLISH EDITION INTRODUCTION TO THIS EDITION 1. SOMETHING ABOUT LANGUAGE 2. WHAT IS A MOTHER TONGUE? 3. TWO 'LANGUAGES' 4. WHAT IS BILINGUALISM? 5. DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF BILINGUALISM-DICHOTOMIES 6. PLANNING THE EDUCATION OF PROSPECTIVE BILINGUALS 7. HOW CAN A CHILD BECOME BILINGUAL WITH THE HELP SCHOOL AND FAMILY? 8. HOW IS BILINGUALISM MEASURED? 9. BILINGUALISM, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT 10. DOUBLE SEMILINGUALISM-DOES IT EXIST 11. THE FUNCTION OF IMMIGRATION-A COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES 12. VIOLENCE AND MINORITY EDUCATION BIBLIOGRAPHY