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Biocatalysis encompasses the use of enzymes or whole cell systems for effecting the conversion of readily available, inexpensive starting materials to high value products. Enzymes frequently display exquisite selectivity, particularly chemo-, enantio- and regioselectivity, making them attractive catalysts for a wide range of chemical transformations. Enzymes also typically operate under mild conditions of pH and temperature leading to the formation of products of high purity. As a result of these advantages, enzymes and whole cells are finding wider application in areas such as the production of intermediates for pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, agrichemicals, novel materials, diagnostics, biofuels and performance chemicals. This book presents leading-edge research in the field.