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The Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) assists farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners with the establishment, maintenance, and harvest of non-food, non-feed biomass dedicated for energy production. BCAP was designed to expand bioenergy feedstocks beyond existing cash crops by encouraging both the establishment of new supplies of biomass as well as the collection of existing but irretrievable biomass. This book provides a description of BCAP's main componentsannual and establishment payments, matching payments, and project areasas outlined in USDA's final rule, along with a discussion of program funding and implementation issues. It also explores the achievements of BCAP in its efforts to address Renewable Fuels Standard II (RFS2) goals of providing consumers with more choices at the pump, and complementing state-level renewable electricity standards by establishing non-food, non-feed crops dedicated to energy.