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This book identifies opportunities, priorities, and challenges for the field of condensed-matter and materials physics. It highlights exciting recent scientific and technological developments and their societal impact and identifies outstanding questions for future research. Topics range from the science of modern technology to new materials and structures, novel quantum phenomena, nonequilibrium physics, soft condensed matter, and new experimental and computational tools. The book also addresses structural challenges for the field, including nurturing its intellectual vitality, maintaining a healthy mixture of large and small research facilities, improving the field's integration with other disciplines, and developing new ways for scientists in academia, government laboratories, and industry to work together. It will be of interest to scientists, educators, students, and policymakers.Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary Overview 1 Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Materials and Phenomena: TheScience of Modern Technology 2 New Materials and Structures 3 Novel Quantum Phenomena 4 Nonequilibrium Physics 5 Soft Condensed Matter: Complex Fluids, Macromolecular Systems,and Biological Systems 6 New Tools for Research 7 Changes in the R&D Landscape 8 The Next Decade