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Criminal Sociology by Enrico Ferri is a pioneering work in the field of criminology that presents a sociological perspective on crime and criminal behavior. Ferri, an Italian criminologist, builds on the ideas of earlier theorists such as Cesare Lombroso and outlines his own theories about the social, environmental, and biological factors that contribute to criminal behavior. He rejects the idea that crime is solely a product of individual choice or moral failing, instead focusing on the broader social conditions that influence criminal acts.The book is divided into sections that explore various causes of crime, including poverty, mental illness, social inequality, and the breakdown of family structures. Ferri argues that crime is a complex social phenomenon that cannot be understood without considering the interactions between individual predispositions and the societal context in which a person lives. He also discusses the role of law enforcement and punishment, advocating for reforms that would address the root causes of criminality, rather than focusing solely on punitive measures.