3 Review(s)

UNIT - I Definition - Basic principles of measurement - Measurement systems, generalized configuration and functional description of measuring instruments - examples. Static and Dynamic performance characteristics - sources of errors, Classification and elimination of errors. Measurement of Displacement : Theory and construction of various transducers to measure displacement - Piezo electric, Inductive, capacitnce, resistance, ionization and Photo electric transducers, Calibration procedures. (Chapter - 1) UNIT - II Measurement of Temperature : Various Principles of measurement-Classification : Expansion Type : Bimetallic Strip-Liquid in glass Thermometer ; Electrical Resistance Type : Thermistor, Thermocouple, RTD ; Radiation Pyrometry: Optical Pyrometer ; Changes in Chemical Phase: Fusible Indicators and Liquid crystals. Measurement of Pressure : Different principles used - Classification : Manometers, Dead weight pressure gauge. Tester (Piston gauge), Bourdon pressure gauges, Bulk modulus pressure gauges Bellows - Diaphragm gauges. Low pressure measurement - Thermal conductivity gauges, ionization pressure gauges, Mcleod pressure gauge. (Chapter - 2) UNIT - III Measurement of Level : Direct methods - Indirect methods - Capacitive, Radioactive, Ultrasonic, Magnetic, Cryogenic Fuel level indicators - Bubbler level indicators. Flow measurement : Rotameter, magnetic, Ultrasonic, Turbine flow meter, Hot - wire anemometer, Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA). Measurement of Speed : Mechanical Tachometers, Electrical tachometers, Non- contact type-Stroboscope Measurement of Acceleration and Vibration : Different simple instruments – Principles of Seismic instruments - Vibrometer and accelerometer using this principle - Piezo electric accelerometer. (Chapter - 3) UNIT - IV Stress-Strain measurements : Various types of stress and strain measurements –Selection and installation of metallic strain gauges- electrical strain gauge - gauge factor - method of usage of resistance strain gauge for bending compressive and tensile strains - Temperature compensation techniques, Use of strain gauges for measuring torque, Strain gauge Rosettes. Measurement of Humidity : Moisture content of gases, Sling Psychrometer, Absorption Psychrometer, Dew point meter. Measurement of Force, Torque and Power-Elastic force meters, load cells, Torsion meters, Dynamometers. (Chapter - 4) UNIT - V Elements of Control Systems : Introduction, Importance - Classification - Open and closed systems- Servomechanisms - Examples with block diagrams - Temperature, speed and position control systems- Transfer functions-First and Second order mechanical systems (Chapter - 5)