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The maximum ratings of the IC are specified for parameters like supply voltage, input and differential input voltages, storage and operating temeprature ranges, soldering pin temperatures, and output short circuit duration. The manufacturers advise not to exceed these maximum ratings even under the worst operating conditions. The datasheet of the LM 741 IC is provided here. The equivalent circuit or schematic diagram of the 741 IC is provided in the datasheet. This equivalent circuit illustrates the internal structure of the 741 op-amp and also helps to clarify the capabilities and limitations of the op-amp. The equivalent circuit is same for all models of the 741 IC. The electrical parameter specifications for the 741 IC is provided in 2 modes. One mode is applicable for the normal operation of the IC at room temperature of 25°C. The other mode is applicable for a commercial temperature range from 0°C to +70°C. We will be discussing all these parameters at normal temperature mode and at supply voltages of +VCC = +15V and -VEE = -15V. It is possible to operate the 741 on a single rail supply also. This is usually done by raising the standing dc input voltage to the non-inverting input terminal to approximately half the supply voltage by a voltage divider network. The output dc voltage in such cases stands at half the supply voltage. But this does not matter because the dc can be easily blocked by a capacitor allowing only the ac signal to be passed on to the next stage.