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This encyclopaedia focuses on knwoledge management in digital era—creating, retaining and transferring knowledge. Knowledge plays an important role in the overall development of intellectual capital of any organization. We are now shifting from information society to knowledgebased society, where we are not so much bothering about the visible or tangible information but deeply thinking about intangible information, i.e. knowledge. In this knowledgebased society, the main strategic resources are knowledge. And knowledge is the fuel, which is driving today the technology, economy, and the society itself. In this changing context, there must have systematic way to capture, process, store and ultimately share knowledge for the development of an organization as well as society. Many practitioners of knowledge management increasingly see “knowledge sharing” as a better description of what they are about than “knowledge management”. Advantages of “knowledge sharing” as a term include its commonsense comprehensibility, along with a certain degree of interactivity implicit in any sharing. Drawbacks of “knowledge sharing” include the possibility that even “sharing” is insufficiently interactive, and that it implies (falsely) that the existence of knowledge precedes the sharing process, thereby (wrongly) separating knowledge management from “knowledge creation” and “innovation” and “research”. It also could be taken to imply that the activity stops when knowledge has been communicated and has not yet been applied, when it is obvious that the application of knowledge is what the activity should be about. The volumes attempt to highlight the principles, efforts and barriers of knowledge sharing in Digital Environment. This encyclopaedia is an indispensable companion to students, teachers and researchers of social psychology and management.