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Crop and plant physiology is the science of connecting elementary biological phenomena to everyday agriculture. It accounts for how plants work—from molecular processes of photosynthesis and respiration to the intricate events of growth, development, and environmental interactions. It is critical to comprehend these physiological principles in order to enhance crop yields, maintain sustainable agriculture, and resolve world food security issues.This book, Fundamentals of Crop and Plant Physiology, has been written to give major concepts in simple, concise, and sequential terms. It deals with key topics like plant water relations, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, translocation, growth regulators, stress physiology, and reproductive biology, and their application to crop production and management. Particular focus has been given to connecting theoretical concepts with actual agricultural practices so that readers can enjoy the implementation of physiological principles in crop enhancement, yield improvement, and climate change adaptation.