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This textbook is intended for students in neurology and a variety of related disciplines who wish to learn the basic principles of neurology and to understand common neurologic diseases. It is designed to be read from cover to cover in a 3-4 week neurology rotation, or in a classroom situation, giving the reader a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of neurology. The initial chapters cover the basic approach a clinician takes when encountering a patient with a neurologic problem, the key elements of the neurologic exam, and an overview of common neurologic tests. They discuss how to use the history and neurologic exam to localise the patient's problem to specific neuroanatomic sites and to use the neuroanatomic information along with results of appropriate laboratory tests to establish a diagnosis. The second half of the book is divided into chapters that discuss common diseases presenting at different neuroanatomic sites along the neuroaxis, from muscle to the cerebral cortex, and chapters on diseases that have similar pathophysiologies. The authors selected 58 neurologic diseases based on their frequency, ability to represent that category of neurologic disease, value in teaching neuroscience concepts, and diagnostic importance. Each chapter begins with an overview to understand the common features of this group of diseases. Selected diseases are then discussed with an emphasis on the pathophysiology, major clinical features, major laboratory findings, and the principles of disease management. This book covers both adult and paediatric neurologic diseases as well as selected neurosurgical diseases.