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This book attempts to develop a theory of population in the light of thoughts and ideas of M.K. Gandhi. It formulates a conceptual framework of Gandhian paradigm in which diverse issues such as development, social and gender relations, science and technology, urban rural relations, etc. can be examined. The book is divided into three sections. Section-A has five chapters devoted to examination of population trends in the world and in India, theory of demographic transition and aspects of sustainable development. Section B has two chapters devoted to discussion of Gandhian theory of population. Section-C, divided into seven chapters, applies Gandhian theory in following areas: conceptualisation of development, gender relations and feminism, environment, urban patterns sociology of science, fertility among minority groups and a holistic theory of population About the Author Dr. A. K. Sharma professor of Sociology, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur began his academic career with a study of fertility and family planning in rural areas. He has worked at State Planning Institute Lucknow, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, and Operations Research Group, New Delhi. He has rich experience of teaching and research in the field of sociology of population. His books include Social Inequality and Demographic Processes, Social Demography, and Developing the Underdeveloped: A Socio Psychological Study. His current research engagements are family planning evaluation, social values, neo social movements and industrial and organizational sociology.