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Nanoparticles play a key role in advanced catalysts, ceramics, electronic devices as well as polymer composites and coatings, due to their different physical and chemical properties compared to conventional material. EMPA has the established knowhow and facilities for nanoparticle synthesis in lab and pilotscale powder batches. Flame spray synthesis allows synthesis of oxide nanoparticles such as silica, titania, zirconia, perovskites, various types of mixed oxides and composite particles with well defined composition, morphology and surface. Tailored oxide nanoparticles in polymer composites and coatings are known to lead to improved mechanical properties, superhydrophilicity, easytoclean and antibacterial properties. In high energy ball milling nanopowders are manufactured from bulk material of tailored composition, such as glass with several constituents, bio or medical filler materials. Nonoxide nanoparticles like carbides, nitrides and pure metals are produced preferentially out of solid precursors using the inductively coupled vacuum plasma process. The successful development of nanocomposites requires advanced process technologies such as liquid phase infiltration of nanostructured preforms, insitu reactive synthesis, electroless deposition techniques and powder metallurgy. This book contains latest technologies, emerging markets and commercial opportunities for nanocomposites and nanoparticles. This is an essential reference book for all aspiring students, researchers and scientists on this subject.