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Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have high atomic weight. In trace quantities, they are required by living beings as essential nutrients influencing their biological and physiological functions. Metal toxicity is said to be proportional to dose. However, heavy metals that also include metalloids, such as Arsenic, are able to induce toxicity at low level of exposure. Exposure to heavy metals is mostly a result of occupational hazards. With constant increase in industrial effluents and emissions, there has been raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. The mother Earth can tackle this onslaught within its assimilating capacity through natural biological processes. This book provides an insight on occurrence of heavy metals in the environment, their potential to effect living beings, toxicological aspects, detoxification, etc.