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in-depth study guide for IGNOU's MED 008 course on Globalization, Environment, and Development:Introduction to Globalization, Environment, and Development:Define globalization and its implications for environmental sustainability and human development.Discuss the interconnectedness of global economic, social, and environmental systems and their impacts on local communities.Theories of Globalization:Modernization Theory: Explore the concept of modernization and its role in driving economic growth and development.Dependency Theory: Analyze the unequal distribution of power and resources in the global economy and its effects on developing countries.World-Systems Theory: Discuss the dynamics of the world economy and the role of core, peripheral, and semi-peripheral countries in the global system.Globalization and Environmental Degradation:Discuss the environmental consequences of globalization, including deforestation, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change.Analyze the role of multinational corporations, trade liberalization, and consumerism in driving unsustainable resource extraction and production processes.Global Environmental Governance:Introduce international frameworks and agreements for addressing global environmental challenges, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).Discuss the role of multilateral institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and civil society in shaping environmental policies and promoting sustainable development.Environmental Justice and Equity:Define environmental justice and its intersection with issues of race, class, gender, and indigenous rights.Discuss examples of environmental injustice, including disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards and unequal access to environmental resources and decision-making processes.Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2030:Introduce the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their targets for promoting economic, social, and environmental sustainability.Analyze the interlinkages between different SDGs and the need for integrated approaches to achieve sustainable development.