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Introduction to VLSI Design and Technology' deals with one of the most important technological developments of the last few decades. It describes how Silicon IC chips work and how they are made. Just as knowledge of computer software is now essential, basic knowledge of the principles of VLSI chips has also become indispensable for every Engineering and Science student. Starting from basic electronics, the authors introduce MOS devices, the building block of ICs, their structure and characteristics and use in Analog and Digital circuits. Coloured flow charts depict lucidly the sequential design procedures. The Technology behind the fabrication of Silicon chips follows - crystal growth, then advanced processes such as plasma deposition, ion implantation, and lithography. Testing, failure analysis and packaging are also important parts of successful design and fabrication of chips with densities of 1 million and more. The future lies with Nanoscale devices, based on quantum mechanical principles, which are discussed in the final chapter. This textbook is the first of its kind by Indian authors who have extensive experience in the Semiconductor Industry and Research. It is unique in presenting an integrated approach to both VLSI Design and Technology under one cover. There are ample diagrams to illustrate and supplement the text. References and problems at the end of each chapter guide the student through the subject. Written expressly for students of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Computer Science, Physics and Materials Science & Engineering, it can also be used in B.Sc. / M.Sc. courses in Physics and Electronics. Do you know: What are NMOS, PMOS and CMOS devices? What decides packing density in the design of an IC? What is the difference between Analog and Digital ICs? How do A-D and D-A converters work? What are SRAM, DRAM and BiCMOS devices? What is a Mixed Signal device? What are the properties of Silicon and Silicon dioxide used for ICs? How are devices in Si chips isolated and connected? What are the differences between ceramic and plastic packaging? Moore's Law-is there any end in sight and what lies beyond? About the Author Dr. J.N. Roy has over 24 years of experience in Industry and 2 years in academics. He obtained his M.Sc. (Physics) and Ph.D. (Materials Science) from IIT Kharagpur in 1984. He was with Semiconductor Complex Ltd. (SCL), now known as Semiconductor Laboratory, a VLSI & MEMS manufacturing and R&D facility from 1984 to 2004 and again from 2006 to 2008. He was engaged in VLSI and MEMS related activities, including Process Technology Development, Design, Fabrication, Testing and Assembly. Between October 2004 and September 2006 he was with Panjab University as Professor (Microelectronics). Currently he is Vice President (R&D) of Solar Semiconductor Pvt. Ltd. responsible for R&D, Engineering, Quality and Technology in Solar Photovoltaics. He was a consultant to Analog Integration Corporation, USA. He has conducted short training courses for faculty, researchers and corporate houses in India and abroad. He has more than 60 publications in journals/conference proceedings and three patents. He is a Senior Member IEEE, Fellow INAE and Fellow IMS. He has received Best Innovator award from EDN-Asia. He has served as INAE Distinguished Visiting Professor during 2008 & 2009. Prof. D.N. Bose has over 50 years of teaching and research experience at IISc, Bangalore and IIT Kharagpur. He obtained his M.Sc. (Tech.) in Radiophysics and Electronics from Calcutta University (1959) and was awarded an I.C.I. (India) Scholarship for doctoral studies at Reading University, UK (1961-65). His post-doctoral research was at Materials Research Laboratory Pennsylvania State University. He was Asst./Assoc. Professor in Electrical Communication Engineering Department of IISc, Bangalore from 1970 to 1977. He moved to IIT Kharagpur as Professor in 1977 where he was Dean, Faculty Planning (1989-91), Adviser (1998-2001). Subsequently he was Emeritus Scientist, Calcutta University (2001-08). He was also Visiting Professor at Neuchatel University, Switzerland (1982), Visiting Professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg (1985-86), Visiting Scientist, MIT Cambridge (2003) and Visiting Professor at Puerto Rico University (2009). He has guided 20 Ph.D. students, over 60 ME/M. Tech. project students and published over 200 papers in International Journals. He is also co-author of the textbook "Introduction to VLSI Design & Technology". Prof. Bose was awarded the Ram Lal Wadhwa Gold Medal of IETE in 1984. He is a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Science and the National Academy of Science. Table of Contents MOSFET Fundamentals VLSI Design Fundamentals Design of Analog Systems Digital Systems Mixed Signal Design VLSI Processing I VLSI Processing II-Thin Films, Lithography and Integration Analytical Techniques Assembly, Packaging, Yield and Reliability Nanoscale and Nanoelectric Devices