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The opal is a unique gemstone that is not crystalline, but is rather made up of hardened silica gel. It's name is said to be taken from the Sanskrit word "upala" which means "precious stone". While approximately 10% of opal is mined in other countries such as Brazil and Mexico, it is primarily mined in Australia, and Australia gem opal stone jewelry is an expensive but popular luxury. Pure opal is colorless, but pure opal is virtually unheard of and impurities are what give opal its various colors, ranging from black to red to blue.