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The carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) is a perennial flower cherished for its beauty and versatility. Here’s a closer look at various aspects of this flower: Physical Characteristics Flowers: Carnations have distinctive, frilled petals that can appear ruffled or serrated. They come in a variety of colors, including shades of pink, red, white, yellow, and purple. Some varieties also have bi-color or striped patterns. Size: The flowers typically range from 1.5 to 3 inches in diameter. The plants themselves can grow from 12 to 24 inches tall, depending on the variety. Leaves: The foliage is usually narrow, lance-shaped, and dark green. The leaves grow along the stem and can be somewhat waxy in texture. Growth and Care Light: Carnations thrive in full sunlight. They need at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day to grow well. Soil: They prefer well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.5 to 7.0). Good drainage is crucial to prevent root rot. Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Carnations are relatively drought-tolerant once established but do best with regular watering. Temperature: They are hardy in cooler climates and can tolerate a range of temperatures, though they do best in cooler weather and may struggle in extreme heatVarieties Standard Carnations: These are the classic, larger blooms often seen in bouquets and floral arrangements. Mini Carnations: Smaller than the standard type, these are often used in arrangements for a more delicate appearance. Spray Carnations: These have multiple smaller blooms on a single stem, giving a fuller look to arrangements. Symbolism and Uses Symbolism: Carnations have various meanings depending on their color. For example:Red is deep love and admiration Pink is a symbol of a mother’s love or a reminder of love and gratitude White is purity, innocence, and a love that is eternal Yellow is disdain or rejection, though interpretations can vary