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The working of Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR 05. Actually, it consists of an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver. The first ultrasonic transmitter sends an ultrasonic wave. This signal will collide with the object and reflect the signal. The receiver will receive the reflected signal. The distance is calculated by the time taken to receive the reflected. and the speed of sound in the air. The speed of sound in air at room temperature is 340 Meter/Second or 0.034 centimeters/microsecond. ultrasonic sensor provides an easy method of distance measurement. This sensor is perfect for any number of applications that require you to perform measurements between moving or stationary objects. A single I/O pin is used to trigger an ultrasonic burst (well above human hearing) and then "listen" for the echo return pulse. The sensor measures the time required for the echo return, and returns this value to the microcontroller as a variable-width pulse via the same I/O pin.