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This book assesses the nation's future needs for biomedical and behavioral scientists and the role the National Research Service Awards (NRSA) program can play in meeting those needs. The year 1994 marks the twentieth anniversary of the National Research Act of 1974 (PL 93-348), which established the NRSA program. In its twenty years of operation, the NRSA program has made it possible for many thousands of talented individuals in the basic biomedical, behavioral, and clinical sciences to sharpen their research skills and to apply those skills to topics of special concern to the nation, such as aging, hypertension, the genetic basis of disease, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer, environmental toxicology, nutrition and health, and substance abuse.Table of Contents FRONT MATTER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 2 APPROACHES TO THE ESTIMATION OF NATIONAL NEED 3 BASIC BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES PERSONNEL 4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES PERSONNEL 5 PHYSICIAN-SCIENTISTS 6 ORAL HEALTH RESEARCH PERSONNEL 7 NURSING RESEARCH PERSONNEL 8 HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH PERSONNEL 9 RECOMMENDATIONS AND REMAINING CONSIDERATIONS APPENDIX A: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW APPENDIX B: CLASSIFICATION OF FIELDS APPENDIX C: PUBLIC HEARING ON NATIONAL NEEDS FOR BIOMEDICAL ANDBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL APPENDIX D: REPORT CONTRIBUTORS APPENDIX E: SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR THE NATIONAL RESEARCHSERVICE AWARD APPENDIX F: DATA TABLES APPENDIX G: MULTISTATE LIFE TABLE METHODOLOGY AND PROJECTIONS APPENDIX H: PROCEDURES USED TO ESTIMATE AWARDS, STIPENDS, AND COSTS APPENDIX I: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES