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The materials in the book "Methods in the Study of Agricultural Microbiology" were created with the particular goals and content in the field of agricultural microbiology considered. Sterile approaches and structured sampling to capture geographic variability are two strategies for gathering soil samples that maintain the integrity of microbial communities that are covered in the book. In order to ensure minimal contamination and preserve associated microorganisms, specific materials are available on the topics of collecting plant tissues, including roots, leaves, and stems. For the purpose of separating particular species of bacteria or fungi, microbial culture technique employs a variety of nutritional media that encourage the development of select microorganisms. Talk about non-oxygen-requiring microbe cultivation methods, etc. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is one of the molecular techniques that amplifies particular DNA sequences to identify microbial species or functional genes. It has been detailed how to use quantitative approaches to measure the gene expression or abundance of particular bacteria under various circumstances. The complete DNA sequence of environmental materials without culturing them in order to comprehend the diversity and roles of microbial populations. RNA analysis is used to comprehend the feedback mechanisms and active metabolic processes of in situ microbial communities. Techniques for microscopy, including light, fluorescence, electron, and light microscopy, are crucial topics to research. The book also covers field trials and experimental design, statistical analysis and bioinformatics, ecological modelling, experimental design, and long-term monitoring. When combined, these techniques will let researchers better analyse intricate microbial ecosystems, comprehend how they affect agriculture, and increase crop yield and sustainability.