3 Review(s)

Bio-deterioration of stone works is mainly due to bio-film formation, bio-corrosion caused by organic and inorganic acids, redox processes on cations from the mineral lattice and physical penetration by microbial communities. Our cultural property or stone monumental structures and other ancient buildings are particularly susceptible to these factors. As usual growing on the surface of stone monuments, various microorganisms also colonize the interior of the stone matrix. Lichens and fungi can cause serious degradation and deterioration by physical penetration of the micro organism. Fungal hyphae are able to penetrate deeply beneath the stone surface, leading to mechanical deterioration and degradation. The problem of deterioration and weathering of the monument is particularly relevant in countries like India where monuments are rich in cultural heritage.