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Baldwin Spencer conducted extensive fieldwork in Australia, particularly in the early 20th century, working alongside Francis James Gillen. Together, they conducted studies on the indigenous cultures and societies of central Australia. Their collaborative research led to important insights into the customs, rituals, social structures, and daily lives of Aboriginal peoples."Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia" is a comprehensive study that provides detailed descriptions and observations about the various indigenous groups in the region, including the Arrernte, Warlpiri, Anmatyerre, and other tribes. The book covers a wide range of topics, including kinship systems, hunting and gathering practices, ceremonial rituals, art, and more.Spencer and Gillen's work is considered pioneering in the field of ethnography and anthropological research. They employed a combination of participant observation, interviews, and visual documentation to gather their data. Their research methods and contributions laid the foundation for understanding the complexities and rich cultural diversity of Australia's indigenous populations.