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The subject of this book is the application of acoustic, electro-magnetic, optical and radiological techniques within the framework of quality assurance from the scientific, technological and organizational aspects, using the manufacture of large diameter pipes for oil and gas transmission lines as an example. Special emphasis has been placed on the comprehensive, detailed scientific discussions of both methods and equipment used. This discussion occupies the major part of the book and is framed by descriptions of the associated objectives as well as the measurement and test results obtained. In a survey at the beginning of the book, the quality features determining the measurement and testing objectives are pointed out according to the special application and production requirements from which they originate. Discussed at the end of the book are the function and importance of the individual nondestructive testing techniques within the quality assurance framework.Specifically developed physical testing and measuring techniques which permit the nondestructive testing of large quantities of metallurgical products during the production flow have proved efficient instruments for the ensured maintenance of consistent high-quality of these items; this applies particularly to large-diameter pipe for the transmission of oil and gas via long-distance pipelines which are subject to high loads. In this sphere, nondestructive testing has assumed a decisive role not only from the point of view of undisturbed energy supply, but also under the aspect of environmental safety. Using this important field of application, it is the prime objective of this book to inform the reader about the high technological and scientific standards achieved internationally, and indeed to point out the large potential for further development is the main aim of the authors by drawing together both engineers and scientists from many and varied disciplines.