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Providing both a means and a motive for armed conflict, the continued access of combatants in contemporary civil wars to lucrative natural resources has often served to counter the incentives for peace. Profiting from Peace offers the first comprehensive assessment of the practical strategies and tools that might be used effectively, by both international and state actors, to help reduce the illicit exploitation of natural resources and the related financial flows that sustain the violence. About the Authors Karen Ballentine is senior consultant to the New Security Programme at the FAFO Institute of Applied International Studies. Previously she was senior associate at the International Peace Academy, heading the Program on Economic Agendas in Civil Wars. She is coeditor of The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance. Heiko Nitzschke, formerly senior program officer at the International Peace Academy, has also worked with the World Bank, Transparency International, and Oxfam America. Table Of Contents Introduction Natural Resources and Armed Conflicts: Issues and Options CURTAILING CONFLICT TRADE AND FINANCE What Lessons from the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme? Tracking Conflict Commodities and Financing Lessons from the UN?s Counter terrorism Efforts Combating Organized Crime in Armed Conflict Protecting Livelihoods in Violent Economies Improving Corporate Responsibility and Resource Management Assessing Company Behavior in Conflict Environments Private Financial Actors and Corporate Responsibility in Conflict Zones Export Credit Agencies and Corporate Conduct in Conflict Zones Revenue Transparency and the Publish What You Pay Campaign Development Assistance, Conditionality, and War Economies Establishing Accountability, Ending Impunity Regulating Business in Conflict Zones: Challenges and Options Conflict Management and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises Improving Sanctions Through Legal Means? Corporate Accountability Under the U.S. Alien Tort Claims Act War Economies, Economic Actors, and International Criminal Law CONCLUSION Peace Before Profit: The Challenges of Governance Index.