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Central to bandgap engineering, or more precisely, 'wave-function engineering,' is the concept that, by spatially varying the composition and doping of semiconductors over distances ranging from a few micrometers down to one monolayer, one can tailor the electronic band structure in a nearly arbitrary and continuous way using epitaxial growth techniques. The objective of this book is to review the progress on interband and intersubband transitions in semiconductors including III-V, IV and II-VI materials and quantum structures, as well as to cover the progress on light sources, detectors, modulators and electronic materials and devices. This book brings together internationally recognized researchers to report on their most recent results and newly gained insights and to provide an up-to-date snapshot of optoelectronics and related fields in 2004/2005. The book covers a wide range of topics spanning opto- and microelectronic materials, growth and synthesis, devices, experimental techniques, modeling tools, and applications. Wavelength ranges span from the UV to the THz, and into the GHz modulation range.