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Life sciences research plays an important role in the R&D for appliances in the multidisciplinary areas related to living creatures. It generates new knowledge and understanding that provides the foundation for applied research and development. Research provides reliable information in biology for application in the life system; more intensive knowledge creation through research could be seen as a way to enhance innovative activities. Life sciences advances go beyond molecular base science. Improvement also advances behavioural sciences and ecology. The greatest recent advances have been in ecosystem and biodiversity, biotechnology, proteomic and genomic studies leading to metagenomics, and healthcare. The combination of multidisciplinary research in plants, animals, microorganisms and their interactions with molecular biology, genetic engineering approaches and advances in cell biology research has broadened the horizons of the life sciences. This book deals with recent trends in the life sciences and will be beneficial for postgraduate students and researchers.