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In June 2006, seventeen scientists and educators selected by the National Academies, the Academy of Sciences of Iran, and the Academie des Sciences of France held a workshop at the estate of the Fondation des Treilles in Toutour, France, to discuss issues concerning the role of science in the development of modern societies. Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies includes the presentations made at the workshop and summarizes the discussions that followed the presentations. Topics of the workshop included science and society issues, the role of science and engineering in development; obstacles and opportunities in the application of science and technology to development; scientific thinking of decision makers; management and utilization of scientific knowledge; and science, society, and education. This book also provides useful background for the further development of interactions of Western scientists and educators with Iranian specialists.Table of Contents Front Matter SCIENCE AND SOCIETY ISSUES, The Role of Communications andScientific Thinking--Barbara Schaal Knowledge, Validation, and Transfer: Science, Communication, andEconomic Development--John Enderby The Morality of Exact Sciences--Yousef Sobouti Science and Society Issues: Summary of Discussion--Norman Neureiter THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IN DEVELOPMENT, Women inAcademic Science and Engineering in the United States: Challengesand Opportunities--Geraldine Richmond Trends in Basic Sciences in Contemporary Iran: Growth and Structureof Mainstream Basic Sciences--Shapour Etemad and Yousef Sobouti The Role of Science and Engineering in Development: Summary ofDiscussion--Michael Fischer OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE APPLICATION OF SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOPMENT, Technology for Health: Are There AnyLimits? Economic, Ethical, and Overall SocietalImplications--Kenneth Shine Addressing Water Security: The Role of Science andTechnology--Henry Vaux Obstacles and Opportunities in the Application of Science andTechnology to Development: Summary of Discussion--GeraldineRichmond SCIENTIFIC THINKING OF DECISION MAKERS, How to Promote ScientificThinking Amongst Decision Makers--Alimohammad Kardan MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, The Role ofInternational Scientific and Technical Cooperation in NationalEconomic Development--Norman Neureiter The Role of Chemistry and Biology in the Future Development ofIran--Mojtaba Shamsipur Management and Utilization of Scientific Knowledge: Summary ofDiscussion--Henry Vaux SCIENCE, SOCIETY, AND EDUCATION, About the Relation of SchoolTeachers with Science--Yves Quere Promotion of Health Education in Primary Schools--BeatriceDescamps-Latscha Science, Society, and Education: Summary of Discussion--BarbaraSchaal and Henry Vaux Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Workshop Participants Appendix C: Science, Technology, and Society - The TighteningCircle--George Bugliarello Appendix D: Current Issues on the Utilization of ScientificFindings--Hassan Zohoor Appendix E: Ethics in Engineering as a Prerequisite forTechnological Development of Societies--Mehdi Bahadori and MahmoodYaghoubi Appendix F: Science and Society--Reza Davari Ardakani