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In October 2007, the U.S. National Academies and the Iranian Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science organized the first of a series of planned U.S.-Iranian workshops on the topic "Science as a Gateway to Understanding." This new workshop series is a component of the broader effort of the National Academies to support bilateral workshops and exchange visits in a variety of fields with a number of Iranian institutions that began in 2000. This book includes papers that were presented at the workshop and summaries of the discussions that followed some of the presentations. At the conclusion of the workshop there was general agreement that the presentations on many aspects of science and scientific cooperation that have a bearing on mutual understanding were an important first step. Several participants underscored that the next workshop should emphasize how scientific cooperation can lead in concrete terms to improved understanding among both academic and political leaders from the two countries. Table of Contents Front Matter Words of Welcome--Mohammad Kazem Bojnordi 1 Where Does Science Go?--Honorable Mohammad Khatami 2 Scientists and Truth--Reza Davari Ardakani 3 The Innovation Ecology--William Wulf 4 Wisdom: the Best Gateway to Understanding--Mostafa Mohagheh Damad 5 Interacademy Cooperation: An Approach toUnderstanding--Abulhassan Vafai 6 Understanding Others, the Science Way--Yousef Sobouti 7 Loving and Sharing Science: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes--EtienneGuyon 8 Successes in Building International Bridges throughScience--Norman Neureiter 9 The Universality of Science: Examples from History--HosseinMasoumi Hamedani 10 The Role of International Scientific Organizations--MichaelClegg 11 Science and Culture--Bernard Maitte 12 A Half Century of Successes and Problems in U.S.-IranianCooperation in Science, Engineering, and Medicine--Glenn Schweitzer 13 Opportunities for International Collaboration in EarthquakeSystem Science--Thomas Jordan 14 Science, Technology, and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy:Prospects for Cooperation--Ousmane Kane 15 Summary of Open Forum--Yousef Sobouti 16 Closing Remarks--Norman Neureiter Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Workshop Participants