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M.P. Jahagirdar (b.1947) is a social Anthropologist, presently working at the National Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad. He obtained his M.A. and Ph. D. from Karnataka University , Dharwad. He has worked in areas of village Leadership, Relocation and Rehabilitation of Project Affected Persons, Women and Rural Development, Involvement of People in Social Forestry Projects, Tribal Development and Environment. He has written many articles in the leading social science journals and authored two forth-coming books.Since Independence many Efforts are on to induce the social and economic development in the rural areas. The decentralization of local administration and introduction of Panchayati Raj system at the grassroots level were the major steps towards this, The other objective of these measures were to involve people of all strata in the development process. The Planners expected by these, the age old institution of traditional leadership, who were obstacles in the process of development will replace and more young, educated and modern leadership will emerge. The studies have shown that such miracle has not happened due to many social and economic factors. A comprehensive study on this aspect of leadership was very much needed and this book is an effort to fill this gap. The major objective of the book is to study the process of distribution of power, decision - making, power structure, role and interaction of traditional leadership and new emerging leadership in relation to the new democratic set-up and development process in rural area.