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This book is based on a critical study of the first-century ad work K?mas?tra by Vatsyayana from an anthropological and sociological perspective. The author also corroborates findings with other Brahmanical, Buddhist, and Jain sources to understand the early centuries of Indian society. It includes articles published in journals such as the Bihar and Orissa Research Society and the Journal of the Department of Letters. The author begins with the chronological timeframe regarding the composition of the K?mas?tra and the geography it covers. However, the most interesting part of the book addresses the issues of caste and the occupations mentioned by the composer. The volume also explores gender and sexuality, including topics such as courtship, marriage, and the position of women during that century. Finally, in addition to gender and society, it also discusses various types of arts and crafts, which altogether provide a unique perspective on the study of Indian society in the ancient period.