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Nanocrystalline materials exhibit a broad range of fascinating mechanical properties. The mechanical behavior of nanostructured materials may best be optimized through a comprehensive understanding of the relations between materials processes, internal structure, length scale and deformation mechanisms. Recent advances in computer modeling are bringing new insight into the deformation processes in nanocrystalline materials. This book discusses the present state of understanding on strength- and ductility-limiting factors in nanostructured materials; clarify issues pertinent to the production and engineering of superior nanostructured materials; and stimulate discussion of potential applications. Nanostructured materials of interest include metals, ceramics and composites in bulk form, thin films and layered structures. Topics include: mechanical properties and deformation behavior; mechanical properties and deformation behavior - bulk materials; mechanical properties and deformation behavior - multilayers; mechanical properties and deformation behavior - softening at very small grain sizes; ceramic materials; and clusters and other nanostructures