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This book provides an increasing awareness, understanding, and implementation of the recent great and dramatic advances in both the worldwide sugar and sugar-ethanol industries. Surplus sugar on the world market, competition from high-intensity sweeteners, fluctuating prices, demand for production of high quality raw sugars, government policies, water- and energy-intensive factories and refineries and, in particular, the current worldwide impetus to producealternatives to petroleum-based fuels, are putting pressure on the sugar industry to diversify and add value for sustainability. All biomass from sugarcane, sugar beet, and sweet sorghum plants, including leaves and tops, are being intensely investigated for utilization, including cellulosic ethanolproduction and cogeneration of heat and bioelectricity in some countries. It is expected that in the next few years sugar will be the "new oil " because sugar is superior feedstock for the production of platform chemicals for a wide range of industrial products. Sugar crops are excellent carbohydrate feedstocks because of their availability, and because they are amongst the plants giving the highest yields of carbohydrates per hectare. The significant potential of sugar crops as food andfuel ethanol (bioenergy) crops is currently driving rapid expansion of production areas throughout the world. This book highlights the successful sustainable efforts in sugar and sugar-ethanol industries around the world, emphasizing both production and processing practices as well as new measurementsof sustainability and innovations.