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Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, and marine organisms. The field covers the historical development and modern applications of these drugs in various systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, and traditional Chinese medicine. It also delves into the classification, cultivation, and evaluation of crude drugs and the role of secondary metabolites like alkaloids and glycosides. Topics such as plant tissue culture, natural fibers, hallucinogens, teratogens, and marine drugs are also explored in-depth