3 Review(s)

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms. It encompasses a broad range of topics, from the historical landmarks in drug discovery to the nature and sources of medications. Understanding drug action involves recognizing agonists, antagonists, and spare receptors, while grappling with concepts like addiction, tolerance, and dependence. Adverse drug reactions and interactions underscore the complexity of pharmacological interventions. Meanwhile, drug discovery and clinical evaluation demand rigorous phases, from preclinical trials to post-marketing surveillance in pharmacovigilance. In the realm of neuropharmacology, intricate neurotransmitter systems dictate the functions of the peripheral and central nervous systems, influencing treatments ranging from anesthetics to psychopharmacological agents.