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Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms that are too small to see with the naked eye and include things like bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Microbiology therefore includes the study of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. In practice, majority of microbiology is concerned with bacteria and/or viruses although eukaryotic microbiology is also a very important branch of microbiology. Many diseases of animals (including humans) and plants are caused by bacteria, viruses, amoeba, and fungi. Immunology is a fast evolving subject, and attempt has been made in this work to keep it as much up-to-date as possible, as per requirement of the students and researchers in the field. The immune system has developed to protect the host from pathogens and other foreign substances. Self/non-self- discrimination is one of the hallmarks of the immune system. This book is a concise review of the medically important aspects of microbiology and immunology.