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Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with biological systems, playing a pivotal role in understanding disease mechanisms and treatment. The content is designed to guide students, healthcare professionals, and researchers through more complex therapeutic classes, drug interactions, and the evolving landscape of pharmacological research. In this book, we explored the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of various drug classes, as well as their clinical applications and adverse effects. Additionally, we address recent advances in molecular pharmacology, including personalized medicine and the role of biotechnology in drug development. By integrating case studies and real-world examples, we aim to enhance practical understanding and foster critical thinking in applying pharmacological principles to clinical practice.