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This book analyzes public policy and governmental features in procedurally democratic states that govern deeply divided societies. It traces the political formula that enables such states to survive while sustaining a democratic process in the face of religious, ethnic, and national conflicts. It investigates citizenship discourses, analyzes the mechanisms political regimes use to give rights to minorities while simultaneously limiting their power, and illustrates how this unique political formula can be applied in two case studies of vastly different countries – Israel and India. The analogous conflicts in India and Israel that threaten the survival of democracy – the ethno-religious conflict between Hindus and Muslims in India and the ethno-national conflict between Jews and Arab-Palestinians in Israel – are analyzed in depth. In addition, the core cases of India and Israel, states in which democracy has survived for over sixty years, are compared with two additional countries where democracy was short-lived. Table of Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Part I – A Conceptual Framework 1. Democracy in deeply divided societies: Theoretical and comparative aspects Part II – Disaggregating Citizenship in Deeply Divided Societies: Empirical and Analytical findings 2. The Formative Years: A Base to Majority-Minority Relations in Deeply Divided Societies 3. Public and Judicial Policy toward the Minority throughout 60 years of Independence 4. Placing the Comparison in a Broader Context – Democracies that did not Survive Part III – Comparative and Theoretical Findings 5. Conclusions: The Fate of Democracy in Deeply Divided Societies Bibliography Index About the Author