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Written by leading authorities in the field of spine care, this book is a comprehensive reference for the latest techniques for managing intervertebral disc disorders affecting the lumbar spine. Divided into four main sections, the book opens with a review of fundamental basic science concepts, including epidemiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, biology, biomechanics, and mechanisms of pain. The second section focuses on the management of disc herniation, with chapters guiding clinicians from the pathophysiology of the herniated disc to clinical presentation to various treatment strategies. The final sections of the book present in-depth coverage of degenerative disc disease and provide essential information for imaging and testing, diagnosis, patient screening, treatment, and rehabilitation. Key Features: Detailed coverage of the latest innovations in the field, including nonsurgical treatments, minimally invasive procedures, biologic techniques, and motion-preserving procedures, enables clinicians to select the appropriate treatment for each clinical situation More than 200 high-quality illustrations and images demonstrate key concepts Valuable discussion of safety considerations and how to avoid and manage potential complications Ideal for practitioners and trainees with a focus on spinal disorders, this book will be an invaluable resource for orthopaedists, neurosurgeons, pain specialists, physiatrists, neuroradiologists, and researchers in these specialties. Table of Contents Foreword Preface  Acknowledgments Contributors  Section I Basic Science 1 The Epidemiology and Economics of Intervertebral Disc Disease Maneesh Bawa and Scott D. Boden 2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and Endplates  Michael A. Adams 3 Biology of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc   Ashok Biyani, Philip D. Nowicki, and Howard S. An 4 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc  Michael N. Tzermiadianos and Avinash G. Patwardhan 5 The Mechanisms of Pain from Intervertebral Discs Todd F. Alamin and Vijay Agarwal 6 The Biology and Biomechanics of the Spinal Degenerative Cascade Kern Singh, Daniel K. Park, and Frank M. Phillips Section II Disc Herniation 7 Pathophysiology and Etiology of Intervertebral Disc Herniation Cary R. Templin, Yu-Po Lee, and Steven R. Garfin 8 Clinical Features of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus Stewart M. Kerr, Deepan N. Patel, and Alexander R. Vaccaro 9 Nonsurgical Treatment of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus April Fetzer and Daphne R. Scott 10 Percutaneous Decompression Christopher A. Yeung, Christopher P. Kauffman, and Anthony T. Yeung 11 Decompressive Surgery for Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (Open, Micro, and Minimally Invasive Approaches) Christian M. DuBois, Frank M. Phillips, and Kevin T. Foley 12 Annular Repair and Barrier Technologies Pablo R. Pazmino and Carl Lauryssen Section III Degenerative Disc Disease 13 Clinical Presentation of Disc Degeneration . Andrew P. White, Eric L. Grossman, and Alan S. Hilibrand 14 Degenerative Disc Imaging . Troy Hutchins and M. Marcel Maya 15 Provocative Testing (Discography) Eugene J. Carragee and Angus S. Don 16 Presurgical Psychological Screening William W. Deardorff Section IV Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease 17 Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy Ronald Donelson 18 The Role of Education and Back Schools Gunnar B. J. Andersson 19 Cognitive Therapy for Symptomatic Disc Degeneration Donna D. Ohnmeiss 20 Biologic Therapies for Disc Repair Corey A. Pacek, Gwendolyn A. Sowa, Nam Vo, and James D. Kang 21 Intradiscal Therapy Steven Helper and Curtis W. Slipman 22 Nucleus Augmentation Thomas J. Raley, Qi-Bin Bao, and Hansen A. Yuan 23 Interspinous Devices Mario L. Pereira, Stephen H. Hochschuler, and Donna D. Ohnmeiss 24 Posterior Nonfusion Pedicle Screw-based Stabilization . Neel Anand and Eli M. Baron 25 Lumbar Spine Arthroplasty Charles W. Davis and Paul C. McAfee 26 Spinal Fusion: Posterior Approaches E. Andrew Stevens and Charles L. Branch Jr. 27 Spinal Fusion: Anterior Approach Selvon St. Clair and Isador H. Lieberman 28 Spinal Fusion: Combined Anteroposterior Approach Richard D. Guyer and Thomas F. Roush 29 Minimally Invasive Spinal Fusion Procedures Mark P. Kuper, Mark C. Valente, William R. Taylor, and Choll W. Kim 30 Biologics for Spinal Fusion Wellington K. Hsu and Jeffrey C. Wang 31 Postoperative Rehabilitation of Lumbar Spine Patients Lawrence W. Frank 32 Surgical Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease: A Critical Review Stewart M. Kerr, Andrew P. White, and Todd J. Albert Index