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Prepared at the request of the National Toxicology Program, this landmark report reveals that many chemicals used in pesticides, cosmetics, drugs, food, and commerce have not been sufficiently tested to allow a complete determination of their potential hazards. Given the vast number of chemical substances to which humans are exposed, the authors use a model to show how research priorities for toxicity testing can be set.Table of Contents FRONT MATTER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION PART 1: TOXICITY-TESTING NEEDS IN THE SELECT UNIVERSE 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SAMPLE SELECTION 3. OPERATING POLICIES FOR IDENTIFICATION, ACQUISITION, ANDORGANIZATION OF DATA 4. DATA EVALUATION 5. RESULTS 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES APPENDIXES PART 2: SETTING PRIORITIES FOR TOXICITY TESTING 1. INTRODUCTION 2. DESIGN OF THE PRIORITY-SETTING SYSTEM 3. BRIEFLY FOLLOWING A CHEMICAL THROUGH AN ILLUSTRATIVE SYSTEM 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION OF AN ILLUSTRATIVE SYSTEM 5. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND REFINEMENT OF THE SYSTEM 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES APPENDIXES