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Worm castings are made up of a highly active biological mixture of enzymes, beneficial bacteria, decayed plant and animal matter and worm cocoons. Worm Castings stimulate plant growth, enhance the ability of your soil to retain water, and it even inhibits root diseases such as root rot. Worm Castings are packed with minerals that are essential for plant growth, such as concentrated nitrates, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and calcium. They also contains manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, borax, iron, carbon and nitrogen. Worm castings are absorbed easily and immediately by plants, with the ability to provide nutrients over time and do not need to break down in the soil like plant matter or animal manure before the plant is able to access and utilize the nutrients. As the worms break down and process the organic matter and compost, they secret a thin layer of oil on the castings which acts as a protectant and allows the castings to slowly break down and release the nutrients over time, while still allowing the plant instant access. This layer lasts for up to two months. The castings form aggregate clusters which allow your soil to retain up more moisture. Worm castings have a neutral pH level and are generally odorless, which is a byproduct of the breakdown process within the worm. They can be used in house plants, starts, mixed in with your general soil, added around plant and tree bases and made into liquid tea solutions. These worm castings are cultivated and harvested by us and may occasionally contain live or baby worms. Your garden will thank you. ;) General Application: Sprinkle castings around the base of plants or lightly dig it in, and then add water. They can also be sprinkled on a large scale with a spreader. Apply as liquid: Combine 1/2 - 1 pound of castings per gallon of water, making sure to stir periodically. It is preferable to keep the tea aerated while brewing. Your mixture should be ready to use after 24 hours.