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Production and Operations Management is a combination of manufacturing technology with management science. A production and operations manager typically has a wide knowledge of engineering practices and is aware of the management challenges related to production. The goal is to accomplish the production in the smoothest, most- judicious and most-economical way. Production/Operations Management encompasses castings, joining processes, metal cutting and tool design, metrology, machine tools, machining systems, automation, jigs and fixtures, and die and mould design besides all management and operations aspects during manufacturing and related activities. Production / Operations Management overlaps substantially with manu-facturing management and industrial management.. In industry, once the design is realized, production management concepts regarding work-study, ergonomics, operation research, manufacturing management, materials management, production planning, etc., play important roles in efficient production processes. These deal with integrated design and efficient planning of the entire manufacturing system, which is becoming increasingly complex with the emergence of sophisticated production methods and control systems.Work opportunities are available in public and private sector manufacturing organizations engaged in implemen-tation, development and management of new production processes, information and control systems, and computer controlled inspection, assembly and handling. The 10 Volume World Encyclopaedia of Production and Operations Management incorporating different aspects of management including production, operations, productivity, materials, quality, systems analysis and design, time and motion study etc.