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Fever is the most common complaint for visiting a physician among children and it evokes significant parental concern and anxiety. It may occur as a stand-alone feature, may be associated with other features such as rashes and localized symptoms and signs like cough, rash, or lymphadenopathy, or may be consequent to involvement of other organ systems, with or without infection. It can also occur without any localized symptoms (fever of unknown origin; FUO). Fever without focus or FUO is a diagnostic and treatment challenge! The differential diagnosis of fever in children is a practical challenge requiring an exhaustive history-taking, thorough clinical examination, appropriate investigations, and recognition of any characteristic pattern that helps to pinpoint the diagnosis and initiate appropriate investigations and management.This handbook attempts to present a comprehensive clinical account of fevers of different etiology, as well as the entity of FUO, and provide an algorithmic approach to diagnosis and management. It will be a valuable aid in the day-to-day clinical practice for both, pediatricians and general practitioners (who are the first contact point for patients).