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The term Indian Philosophy may refer to any of several traditions of philosophical thought that originated in the Indian subcontinent including Hindu philosophy, Buddhist philosophy and Jain philosophy. Having the same or rather intertwined origins all of these philosophies have a common underlying theme of Dharma and similarly attempt to explain the attainment of emancipation. The systems of Indian philosophies, with a singular exception of Charvakism, have certain common characteristics.Charvakism remarkably differs from other systems as it promotes materialism. Samsara provides ephemeral pleasures, which lead people to desire rebirth to enjoy the pleasures of a perishable body. However, escaping the world of samsara through moksha (liberation) is believed to ensure lasting happiness and peace. It is thought that after several reincarnations, an atman eventually seeks unity with the cosmic spirit (Brahman/Paramatman). In every religion there are three parts, viz., philosophy, mythology and ritual. Philosophy is the essence of religion. It sets forth its basic principles or fundamental doctrines or tenets, the goal and the means of attaining it. Mythology explains and illustrates philosophy by means of legendary lives of great men or of supernatural beings. Ritual gives a still more concrete form to philosophy so that everyone may understand it. Ritual consists of forms, ceremonies, etc. This book elaborately analyses the concepts, theories and trends in contemporary te Indian philosophy.