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Petroleum geochemistry is the branch of geochemistry which deals with the application of chemical principles in the study of the origin, generation, migration, accumulation and alteration of petroleum. Petroleum is generally a derivative of oil and natural gases having various compounds composed of primarily of hydrogen and carbon. They are usually generated from the decomposition and/or thermal maturation of organic matter. The organic matter originated from plants and algae. The organic matter is deposited after the death of the plant in sediments, where after considerable time, heat, and pressure the compounds in the plants and algae are altered to oil, gas, and kerogen. Kerogen can be thought of as the remaining solid material of the plant. The sediment - usually clay and/or calcareous (lime) ooze, hardens during this alteration process into rock i.e. shale and/or limestone. The shale or limestone rock containing the organic matter is called the source rock because it is the source, having generated the petroleum. This book also gives insight into the pricing policy under which oil and gas sales occur. It also covers topics such as the petroleum statistics, the growth of the petroleum industry at a glance and the status of area-wise petroleum exploration, production and infrastructure development.