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The process of producing petrol, diesel, or LPG is complicated and involves various stages, which can be divided into upstream, midstream, and downstream. Exploration, drilling, and production of crude oil fall under the upstream category, which is the most capital-intensive stage. The midstream stage involves the transportation and storage of crude oil, while the downstream stage is concerned with refining crude oil and marketing the finished products. The processes and systems involved in producing and distributing oil and gas are highly complex, capital-intensive, and require state-of-the-art technology. Petroleum engineering overlaps with many other engineering disciplines, such as mechanical, chemical, and civil engineering. It is a multidisciplinary field that requires expertise in several areas.. It explains the fundamental concepts and technologies used in each area and provides real-world examples to help readers understand how these concepts are applied in practice. The book is suitable for science and engineering students, practicing scientists and engineers, continuing education classes, industry short courses, or self-study.The editor has collected reliable and scientifically proven information from various credible sources to provide readers with the latest and most accurate information available. The book is a compilation of contributions from various experts in the field, and the editor expresses gratitude to these contributors for sharing their knowledge and expertise.